Go HERE for the procedure and questions.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Monday, November 18, 2019
8.1: Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy to the Chemical Energy of Food
8.1: Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy to the Chemical Energy of Food
Key Terms: Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, Mesophyll, Stomata, Stroma, Thylakoids, Chlorophyll, Light Reactions, Calvin Cycle, NADP⁺, NADPH, Photophosphorylation, Carbon Fixation
BELLWORK: Watch and take your own notes on the Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Bozeman video
IN CLASS READING of Concept 8.1: Pages 161-165 in your text.
From page 161
1. Compare and Contrast Autotrophs with Heterotrophs.
From page 162
2. List and briefly describe the 2 stages of photosynthesis.
3. Explain how the structural organization of the cell allows for photosynthesis to be efficient.
4. Describe how photosynthetic bacteria are structurally similar to the chloroplast found in plant cells.
5. Summarize how the endosymbiont theory explains the evolution of the chloroplast.
6. State the layer of a leaf in which chloroplasts are mainly found.
7. Explain how CO₂ enters and O₂ exits the plant cell.
8. Draw a chloroplast and label the following: Stroma, Granum, Thylakoid, Thylakoid space, Inner membrane, Outer membrane, Innermembrane space
9. State where in the chloroplast you will find chlorophyll.
From page 163
10. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Circle the reactants and put a rectangle around the products.
11. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
From page 164
12. Explain where the O₂ given off a plant comes from.
13. Describe how oxygen-18 (¹⁸O) was used as a chemical tracer to provide evidence that the oxygen given off by a plant comes from water.
14. Compare the electron flow in photosynthesis to that in cellular respiration.
15. Decide whether photosynthesis is exergonic or endergonic.
16. State the energy source for photosynthesis.
17. Summarize the light reactions of photosynthesis.
From page 165
18. Summarize the Calvin cycle.
19. State where the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast.
20. Draw a diagram that demonstrates how the light reactions and the Calvin cycle cooperate to make sugar.
21. Using a Venn diagram, categorize the following statements as pertaining to the light reactions, the Calvin cycle, or both: 1. Occurs in the stroma 2. Includes carbon fixation 3. Reduces NADP⁺ to NADPH 4. Occurs during daylight 5. The photo part of photosynthesis 6. The synthesis part of photosynthesis 7. Occurs in the thylakoid membranes 8. Requires ATP (makes ADP) 9. Makes ATP (requires ADP) 10. Input = water : output = oxygen 11. Input = CO₂ : output = [CH₂O] (sugar)
From page 162
2. List and briefly describe the 2 stages of photosynthesis.
3. Explain how the structural organization of the cell allows for photosynthesis to be efficient.
4. Describe how photosynthetic bacteria are structurally similar to the chloroplast found in plant cells.
5. Summarize how the endosymbiont theory explains the evolution of the chloroplast.
6. State the layer of a leaf in which chloroplasts are mainly found.
7. Explain how CO₂ enters and O₂ exits the plant cell.
8. Draw a chloroplast and label the following: Stroma, Granum, Thylakoid, Thylakoid space, Inner membrane, Outer membrane, Innermembrane space
9. State where in the chloroplast you will find chlorophyll.
From page 163
10. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Circle the reactants and put a rectangle around the products.
11. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
From page 164
12. Explain where the O₂ given off a plant comes from.
13. Describe how oxygen-18 (¹⁸O) was used as a chemical tracer to provide evidence that the oxygen given off by a plant comes from water.
14. Compare the electron flow in photosynthesis to that in cellular respiration.
15. Decide whether photosynthesis is exergonic or endergonic.
16. State the energy source for photosynthesis.
17. Summarize the light reactions of photosynthesis.
From page 165
18. Summarize the Calvin cycle.
19. State where the Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast.
20. Draw a diagram that demonstrates how the light reactions and the Calvin cycle cooperate to make sugar.
21. Using a Venn diagram, categorize the following statements as pertaining to the light reactions, the Calvin cycle, or both: 1. Occurs in the stroma 2. Includes carbon fixation 3. Reduces NADP⁺ to NADPH 4. Occurs during daylight 5. The photo part of photosynthesis 6. The synthesis part of photosynthesis 7. Occurs in the thylakoid membranes 8. Requires ATP (makes ADP) 9. Makes ATP (requires ADP) 10. Input = water : output = oxygen 11. Input = CO₂ : output = [CH₂O] (sugar)
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Friday, November 8, 2019
Mitochondria Lab Video Preview
Article for CER
Go HERE to read the article for your CER paragraph.
Due TUESDAY, Nov 12
Due TUESDAY, Nov 12
Claim
- A claim is a statement that answers the question. It will usually only be one sentence in length. The claim does not include any explanation, reasoning, or evidence so it should not include any transition words such as “because.”
Evidence
- The evidence is the data used to support the claim. It can be either quantitative or qualitive depending on the question and/or lab. The evidence could even be a data table the student creates. Students should only use data within their evidence that directly supports the claim.
Reasoning
- The reasoning is the explanation of “why and how” the evidence supports the claim. It should include an explanation of the underlying science concept that produced the evidence or data.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
7.5 & 7.6: Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration Enable Cells to Produce ATP Without the Use of Oxygen
7.5 & 7.6: Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration Enable Cells to Produce ATP Without the Use of Oxygen
Key Terms: Alcohol Fermentation, Lactic Acid Fermentation, Obligate Anaerobes, Facultative Anaerobes, Beta Oxidation
BELLWORK: Watch and take your own notes on the Alcohol Fermentation Khan Academy video, and the Lactic Acid Fermentation Khan Academy video.
IN CLASS READING of Concept 7.5 and 7.6: Pages 154-158 in your text.
From page 154
1. List the 2 mechanisms by which certain cells can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen.
2. State the distinction between those 2 ways.
From page 155
3. Describe an example of an organism that uses SO₄²⁻ as the final electron acceptor instead of oxygen.
4. Hypothesize why ground water used to water lawns here in Bradenton smells like rotten eggs.
5. State the oxidizing agent of glycolysis.
6. Explain how fermentation keeps ATP production going.
From page 156
7. Describe how alcohol fermentation keeps glycolysis going.
8. Name 2 organisms that can carry out alcohol fermentation.
9. Evaluate the purpose of putting freshly made bread dough somewhere warm for a few hours.
10. Describe how lactic acid fermentation keeps glycolysis going.
11. List 2 foods made from lactic acid fermentation.
12. Research how your favorite type of cheese is made.
13. Explain when human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation.
14. State the likely reason for muscle soreness after a strenuous workout.
15. Compare and Contrast fermentation with anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
From page 157
16. Determine what yields more ATP (aerobic respiration or fermentation). State how much more.
17. Summarize the evolutionary significance of glycolysis.
18. Predict what would happen to its rate of glucose consumption if a glucose-fed yeast cell were moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Assume that ATP production has to stay the same.
From page 158
19. Summarize how glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates for catabolism.
20. Explain what must first happen to proteins before they can be used as fuel.
21. Explain what must happen to amino acids before they can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.
22. State where most of the energy of a fat is stored.
23. Explain why fats make excellent fuels.
24. Compare the ATP production from the oxidation of a gram of fat to that of a gram of carbohydrate.
25. Describe an example of biosynthesis.
26. Decide whether these anabolic, or biosynthetic, pathways consume or generate ATP.
2. State the distinction between those 2 ways.
From page 155
3. Describe an example of an organism that uses SO₄²⁻ as the final electron acceptor instead of oxygen.
4. Hypothesize why ground water used to water lawns here in Bradenton smells like rotten eggs.
5. State the oxidizing agent of glycolysis.
6. Explain how fermentation keeps ATP production going.
From page 156
7. Describe how alcohol fermentation keeps glycolysis going.
8. Name 2 organisms that can carry out alcohol fermentation.
9. Evaluate the purpose of putting freshly made bread dough somewhere warm for a few hours.
10. Describe how lactic acid fermentation keeps glycolysis going.
11. List 2 foods made from lactic acid fermentation.
12. Research how your favorite type of cheese is made.
13. Explain when human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation.
14. State the likely reason for muscle soreness after a strenuous workout.
15. Compare and Contrast fermentation with anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
From page 157
16. Determine what yields more ATP (aerobic respiration or fermentation). State how much more.
17. Summarize the evolutionary significance of glycolysis.
18. Predict what would happen to its rate of glucose consumption if a glucose-fed yeast cell were moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Assume that ATP production has to stay the same.
From page 158
19. Summarize how glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates for catabolism.
20. Explain what must first happen to proteins before they can be used as fuel.
21. Explain what must happen to amino acids before they can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.
22. State where most of the energy of a fat is stored.
23. Explain why fats make excellent fuels.
24. Compare the ATP production from the oxidation of a gram of fat to that of a gram of carbohydrate.
25. Describe an example of biosynthesis.
26. Decide whether these anabolic, or biosynthetic, pathways consume or generate ATP.
Friday, November 1, 2019
7.4: During Oxidative Phosphorylation, Chemiosmosis Couples Electron Transport to ATP Synthesis
7.4: During Oxidative Phosphorylation, Chemiosmosis Couples Electron Transport to ATP Synthesis
Key Terms: Cytochromes, ATP Synthase, Chemiosmosis, Proton-Motive Force,
BELLWORK: Watch and take your own notes on the Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis Khan Academy video
IN CLASS READING of Concept 7.4: Pages 149-154 in your text.
From page 149
1. State the main objective of this chapter.
2. Summarize the net ATP production so far (Glycolysis + Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Explain where most of the energy extracted from glucose is at this point.
From page 150
4. State (once again) where the electron transport chain is in eukaryotes.
5. Describe how the folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits the cell.
6. Describe what happens to electron carriers during electron transport.
7. State the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
8. List the 2 sources of electrons for the electron transport chain. When were these made?
From page 151
9. Determine if the electron transport chain makes ATP directly.
10. State where ATP Synthase is found in eukaryotes.
11. State where ATP Synthase is found in prokaryotes.
12. State the power source for ATP Synthase.
13. Draw a cell membrane with an ATP synthase embedded in it. Add H⁺ in correct amounts on either side to show a difference in H⁺ concentration.
From page 152
14. Describe how the cell generates and maintains the H⁺ gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
15. State the only way H⁺ can cross back into the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.
From page 153
16. Decide whether or not chemiosmosis only occurs in mitochondria.
17. Describe how chloroplasts make use of chemiosmosis.
18. Describe how prokaryotes utilize the proton-motive force.
19. Justify the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Peter Mitchell in 1978.
20. Sequence the flow of most energy during respiration.
From page 154
21. State the percentage of potential energy in glucose that gets transferred to ATP.
22. Compare that percentage to the efficiency of an automobile converting the energy in gasoline to energy that moves the car.
23. Explain what happens to the rest of the energy that was in glucose.
24. Describe an example of an organism actually reducing the efficiency of cellular respiration on purpose.
25. Predict what would happen if there were no O₂ in figure 7.14
26. In the absence of O₂, as in the previous objective, explain what would happen if you decreased the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.
2. Summarize the net ATP production so far (Glycolysis + Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Explain where most of the energy extracted from glucose is at this point.
From page 150
4. State (once again) where the electron transport chain is in eukaryotes.
5. Describe how the folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits the cell.
6. Describe what happens to electron carriers during electron transport.
7. State the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
8. List the 2 sources of electrons for the electron transport chain. When were these made?
From page 151
9. Determine if the electron transport chain makes ATP directly.
10. State where ATP Synthase is found in eukaryotes.
11. State where ATP Synthase is found in prokaryotes.
12. State the power source for ATP Synthase.
13. Draw a cell membrane with an ATP synthase embedded in it. Add H⁺ in correct amounts on either side to show a difference in H⁺ concentration.
From page 152
14. Describe how the cell generates and maintains the H⁺ gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
15. State the only way H⁺ can cross back into the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.
From page 153
16. Decide whether or not chemiosmosis only occurs in mitochondria.
17. Describe how chloroplasts make use of chemiosmosis.
18. Describe how prokaryotes utilize the proton-motive force.
19. Justify the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Peter Mitchell in 1978.
20. Sequence the flow of most energy during respiration.
From page 154
21. State the percentage of potential energy in glucose that gets transferred to ATP.
22. Compare that percentage to the efficiency of an automobile converting the energy in gasoline to energy that moves the car.
23. Explain what happens to the rest of the energy that was in glucose.
24. Describe an example of an organism actually reducing the efficiency of cellular respiration on purpose.
25. Predict what would happen if there were no O₂ in figure 7.14
26. In the absence of O₂, as in the previous objective, explain what would happen if you decreased the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.
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