13.1 : DNA is the Genetic Material
You Must Know:
- The knowledge about DNA gained from the work of Griffith; Avery, Macleod, and Mccarty; Hershey and Chase; Wilkins and Franklin; and Watson and Crick
- The knowledge about DNA gained from the work of Griffith; Avery, Macleod, and Mccarty; Hershey and Chase; Wilkins and Franklin; and Watson and Crick
Key Terms: DNA Replication, Transformation, Bacteriophages, Virus, Double Helix, Antiparallel,
IN CLASS READING of Concept 13.1: Pages 253-259
1. Define the Key Terms above.
FROM PAGE 254
2. Explain what, until the 1940s, made most biochemists think that proteins would be the molecules of heredity.
Go HERE to read about the History of DNA. Read the main concept page and then click on the "Animation" link. As you follow through, complete the objectives below.
FROM PAGE 254
2. Explain what, until the 1940s, made most biochemists think that proteins would be the molecules of heredity.
Go HERE to read about the History of DNA. Read the main concept page and then click on the "Animation" link. As you follow through, complete the objectives below.
3. State the name of the scientist who was studying the transforming principle and the organism he was studying.
4. Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the 2 types of bacterial colonies being studied.
5. Explain what happens to the bacteria when it is exposed to heat.
6. Describe the astonishing result Griffith obtained from co-injecting both the heat-killed S strain and the R strain into mice.
7. Summarize Griffith's conclusion from his experiments.
8. Define the words lyse and lysate.
9. List the 4 parts of the bacteria that Avery tested to see which one was the transforming factor.
10. Briefly summarize the method Avery used to test these 4 parts.
11. State the conclusion that Avery drew from his experiments. Which molecule was shown to be the transforming principle?
From page 255
12. Summarize how the Hershey-Chase experiments utilized radioactive isotopes to provide evidence that DNA was the genetic material, not protein.
From page 256
13. Describe Chargaff's observations about the DNA composition in different organisms.
14. State Chargaff's Rules.
From page 257
15. Describe 2 pieces of information that Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction photo of DNA suggested about the structure of DNA.
From page 258-259
16. State the names of the 2 scientists who were the first to solve the puzzle of the structure of DNA.
17. Describe the following terms related to DNA and use them in a sketch of the structure of DNA:
Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Antiparallel, 5' and 3' ends, Nucleotide, Double Helix
18. Describe how base-pairing rules confirm Chargaff's observations about DNA composition.
18. Describe how base-pairing rules confirm Chargaff's observations about DNA composition.
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