13.2 : Many Proteins Work Together in DNA Replication and Repair
You Must Know:
- That replication is semiconservative and occurs 5' to 3'
- The roles of DNA polymerase, ligase, helicase, and topoisomerase in replication. (LO 3.3)
Connect with the Curriculum Framework
- BIG IDEA 3 - Be able to use a model to illustrate how genetic information is copied for transmission between generations. (LO 3.3) Know the roles of the enzymes involved in DNA Replication
Key Terms: Semiconservative Model, Origins of Replication, Replication Fork, Helicases, Topoisomerase, DNA polymerases, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, DNA Ligase, Mismatch repair, Nucleotide excision repair, nucleases, telomeres
IN CLASS READING of Concept 13.2: Pages 259-267
1. Define the Key Terms above.
FROM PAGE 260
2. Explain what it means for DNA Replication to be semiconservative, and draw a simple drawing, using different colors, to demonstrate this.
FROM PAGE 261
3. State where DNA Replication begins along a DNA molecule.
4. State the enzymes that untwist the DNA, creating a replication fork.
5. Explain the role of Topoisomerase during DNA Replication.
FROM PAGE 262
6. State the name of the group of enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at the replication fork.
7. Decide which end (3' or 5') of the preexisting chain new nucleotides are added to.
FROM PAGE 263-264
8. State the only direction in which the new DNA strand can elongate.
9. Explain how the fact that DNA is antiparallel leads to there being a leading strand, and a lagging strand.
10. Decide which strand (the leading or lagging) is copied in a simpler way.
11. Describe how the lagging strand is synthesized using Okazaki fragments and DNA ligase.
FROM PAGE 266
12. State the fundamental reason that contributes to the accuracy of DNA replication.
13. Explain how DNA Polymerases contribute to the accuracy of DNA replication while they are adding new nucleotides to the growing strand.
14. Describe mismatch repair.
15. Explain the role of nucleases in nucleotide excision repair.
16. State the type of cell in which a mutation has to happen in if that mutation will be passed from generation to generation.
FROM PAGE 267
17. Explain the relationship between the fact that DNA Polymerases can only add nucleotides to a the 3' ends of pre-existing polynucleotides and telomeres.
18. Go HERE to watch a short video on the immortal (yes, immortal!) HeLa cells.
19. Explain how the enzyme telomerase might make cells immortal.
FROM PAGE 260
2. Explain what it means for DNA Replication to be semiconservative, and draw a simple drawing, using different colors, to demonstrate this.
FROM PAGE 261
3. State where DNA Replication begins along a DNA molecule.
4. State the enzymes that untwist the DNA, creating a replication fork.
5. Explain the role of Topoisomerase during DNA Replication.
FROM PAGE 262
6. State the name of the group of enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at the replication fork.
7. Decide which end (3' or 5') of the preexisting chain new nucleotides are added to.
FROM PAGE 263-264
8. State the only direction in which the new DNA strand can elongate.
9. Explain how the fact that DNA is antiparallel leads to there being a leading strand, and a lagging strand.
10. Decide which strand (the leading or lagging) is copied in a simpler way.
11. Describe how the lagging strand is synthesized using Okazaki fragments and DNA ligase.
FROM PAGE 266
12. State the fundamental reason that contributes to the accuracy of DNA replication.
13. Explain how DNA Polymerases contribute to the accuracy of DNA replication while they are adding new nucleotides to the growing strand.
14. Describe mismatch repair.
15. Explain the role of nucleases in nucleotide excision repair.
16. State the type of cell in which a mutation has to happen in if that mutation will be passed from generation to generation.
FROM PAGE 267
17. Explain the relationship between the fact that DNA Polymerases can only add nucleotides to a the 3' ends of pre-existing polynucleotides and telomeres.
18. Go HERE to watch a short video on the immortal (yes, immortal!) HeLa cells.
19. Explain how the enzyme telomerase might make cells immortal.
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